Building Laravel Applications

When starting a new Laravel feature, follow this pattern:

Bash
# 1. Create migration, model, controller, and resource together
php artisan make:model Product -mcr --factory --seed

# 2. Migration first - define schema with proper types and indexes
php artisan make:migration create_products_table

PHP
// database/migrations/xxxx_create_products_table.php
Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('category_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->string('name');
    $table->string('slug')->unique();
    $table->decimal('price', 10, 2);
    $table->unsignedInteger('stock')->default(0);
    $table->timestamps();
    $table->softDeletes();

    $table->index(['category_id', 'created_at']);
});

PHP
// app/Models/Product.php
class Product extends Model
{
    use HasFactory, SoftDeletes;

    protected $fillable = ['category_id', 'name', 'slug', 'price', 'stock'];

    protected $casts = [
        'price' => 'decimal:2',
    ];

    public function category(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
    }
}

Example 1: Menghindari N+1 Query

Input:

PHP
$orders = Order::all();
foreach ($orders as $order) {
    echo $order->user->name;
}

Output:

PHP
$orders = Order::with('user')->get();
foreach ($orders as $order) {
    echo $order->user->name;
}

Example 2: Business logic di Service class, bukan Controller

Input:

PHP
public function store(Request $request)
{
    $order = Order::create($request->all());
    // hitung diskon, update stok, kirim email, dst
    Mail::to($order->user)->send(new OrderCreated($order));
    return response()->json($order);
}

Output:

PHP
// app/Http/Controllers/OrderController.php
public function store(StoreOrderRequest $request, OrderService $service)
{
    $order = $service->create($request->validated());
    return new OrderResource($order);
}

// app/Services/OrderService.php
class OrderService
{
    public function create(array $data): Order
    {
        return DB::transaction(function () use ($data) {
            $order = Order::create($data);
            $this->reduceStock($order);
            $this->applyDiscount($order);
            Mail::to($order->user)->queue(new OrderCreated($order));
            return $order;
        });
    }
}

Example 3: Desain schema dengan index yang tepat

Input: "Tabel transactions sering di-query berdasarkan user_id dan rentang tanggal, tapi query lambat."

Output:

PHP
Schema::table('transactions', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->index(['user_id', 'created_at']);
});

Gunakan composite index sesuai urutan kolom di WHERE/ORDER BY, dan cek dengan EXPLAIN di MySQL.