Preparing Design Documentation
For a new design package, establish the standard first — it drives everything downstream:
1. Standard: ГОСТ (ЕСКД) | ISO | ASME Y14.5
2. Title block (основная надпись): per ГОСТ 2.104 / ISO 7200 / ASME Y14.1
3. Drawing set: assembly dwg + detail dwgs + spec (ГОСТ 2.106) + BOM
4. Explanatory note (ПЗ): calculations, material justification, standards compliance
5. Normcontrol (нормоконтроль) pass
6. Release into PLM with revision index (01, 02... or A, B...)
If unsure which standard applies, ask: who is the customer/regulator (Russian GOST-regulated industry → ЕСКД; export to EU → ISO; US/aerospace client → ASME)? Default to ЕСКД for domestic Russian industrial projects.
Progress:
- Step 1: Determine governing standard (ГОСТ/ЕСКД, ISO, ASME, DIN) and customer-specific deviations
- Step 2: Set up title block, borders, zones, revision table (ГОСТ 2.104 / ISO 7200 / ASME Y14.1)
- Step 3: Generate associative 2D drawings from 3D model (SolidWorks/Inventor/Компас-3D)
- Step 4: Apply dimensions, tolerances, GD&T, surface roughness (ГОСТ 2.307, ISO 1101, ASME Y14.5)
- Step 5: Build specification/BOM (ГОСТ 2.106 спецификация, or ISO parts list)
- Step 6: Write explanatory note (ПЗ) — purpose, calculations, standards references, conclusions
- Step 7: Internal normcontrol check — formatting, references, consistency between dwg/spec/ПЗ
- Step 8: Approval cycle (checker → normcontrol → chief engineer signatures)
- Step 9: Release into PLM (Teamcenter/Windchill/Enovia) with revision index and ECN if applicable
- Step 10: Archive and link to ERP/knowledge base for reuse
Standard mapping cheat-sheet:
| Element | ЕСКД | ISO | ASME |
|---|---|---|---|
| Title block | ГОСТ 2.104 | ISO 7200 | ASME Y14.1 |
| Dimensioning | ГОСТ 2.307 | ISO 129-1 | ASME Y14.5 |
| Tolerances | ГОСТ 25346 | ISO 286 | ASME Y14.5 |
| Specification | ГОСТ 2.106 | EN parts list | ASME parts list |
| Changes | ГОСТ 2.503 (извещение) | ISO change notice | ECN/ECO |
Example 1: Input: Gearbox (редуктор) design package — 47 drawings, spec, ПЗ, ЕСКД required, source is a 3D model in Компас-3D. Output: Associative drawings auto-generated from 3D → manual GD&T refinement → spec per ГОСТ 2.106 → ПЗ in LaTeX with strength/thermal calculations → normcontrol pass with 0 remarks → released package in Teamcenter synced to ERP. Delivered in 5 days vs. 3-week baseline; became a reusable template for 15 future projects.
Example 2: Input: Single bracket part needs a drawing for a US customer under ASME Y14.5. Output: Detail drawing with ASME title block (Y14.1), third-angle projection, GD&T feature control frames for flatness/position, surface finish callouts per ASME Y14.36, tolerance block in inches/mm dual dimensioning, revision block starting at "A".
Example 3: Input: Mid-project change — hole diameter revised after tolerance stack-up failure. Output: Issue извещение об изменении (ECN) per ГОСТ 2.503, bump revision index, update drawing/spec/ПЗ in lockstep, log change reason and affected documents, re-run normcontrol on changed sheets only, notify PLM subscribers.
- Always generate 2D drawings from the 3D model associatively — never redraw manually; it breaks sync and causes mismatches during revisions.
- Keep drawing, specification, and ПЗ consistent — cross-check part numbers, designations, and quantities before submitting to normcontrol.
- Apply tolerances only where functionally required (fits, GD&T) — over-tolerancing inflates cost and triggers normcontrol pushback.
- Use standard templates (ГОСТ-шаблоны in Word/LaTeX, Компас-3D/SolidWorks title block templates) to avoid formatting errors from scratch each time.
- Version every released document with a clear revision index and maintain a change log (ECN) — never silently overwrite a released drawing.
- Store the completed package in PLM (Teamcenter/Windchill/Enovia) with ERP linkage so BOM changes propagate automatically.
- Build a reusable knowledge base/template library from completed projects — cuts future turnaround time significantly (as in the gearbox example: 5 days vs. 3 weeks).
- Mixing standards within one package (e.g., ISO tolerancing symbols on a ГОСТ title block) — pick one standard and apply it consistently.
- Skipping normcontrol until the end — catch formatting/reference errors early, per-sheet, not in one large batch.
- Manually editing auto-generated drawing views without updating the source 3D model — causes drift between model and drawing.
- Releasing a drawing change without a corresponding ECN/извещение — breaks traceability and change history.
- Forgetting to update the specification/BOM and ПЗ when a drawing dimension changes — causes assembly and procurement errors downstream.
- Over- or under-specifying tolerances without a stack-up analysis — leads to either unmanufacturable parts or functional failures.